fig1

Figure 1. Perioperative factors leading to LCOS. Factors drivern by exposure to CPB (i.e., systemic inflammation, cellular & mitochondrial dysfunction, altered loading conditions) and those influenced by cardiac surgery (i.e., ischemia, ventriculotomy) are noted schematically contributing to LCOS. Reused with permission from Epting et al.^[7] from Bentham Science Pulishers LTD. LCOS: Low cardiac output syndrome; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass.