fig3

Figure 3. (A) Selected video frame from a 2D echocardiogram in a parasternal short-axis view demonstrating a large aorta (Ao) in the center with thickened pulmonary valve (PV) leaflets and a small main pulmonary artery (MPA) to the left of the Ao. The origins of the branch pulmonary arteries are seen. (B) Color Doppler flow mapping of an echo frame similar to (A) (but magnified) demonstrating color flow disturbance beginning proximally to the PV (arrow). The right (RPA) and left (LPA) pulmonary arteries are more clearly seen in color. Reproduced from Ref.^[5]. RV: Right ventricle.