fig41

Figure 41. Echo-Doppler studies in parasternal long (A) and short (B) axis and apical four-chamber (C) projections of the ventricular septum illustrating a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) with a shunt from the left ventricle (LV) to the right ventricle (RV) by color (A, B) and continuous wave (D) Doppler. The presence of an aneurysm (Anu) in C is suggestive of progression to spontaneous closure. A Doppler flow velocity in excess of 2 m/s (D) suggests that the VSD is restrictive. Reproduced from Ref.^[16].