REFERENCES

1. Di Eusanio M, Berretta P, Cefarelli M, et al. Long-term outcomes after aortic arch surgery: results of a study involving 623 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;48:483-90.

2. Tsilimparis N, Ivancev K, Kolbel T. Endovascular aortic arch repair - endovascular today. 2015. Available from: https://evtoday.com/articles/2015-nov-supplement/endovascular-aortic-arch-repair [Last accessed on 10 March 2022].

3. Antoniou GA, Mireskandari M, Bicknell CD, et al. Hybrid repair of the aortic arch in patients with extensive aortic disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010;40:715-21.

4. Chiesa R, Melissano G, Tshomba Y, et al. Ten years of endovascular aortic arch repair. J Endovasc Ther 2010;17:1-11.

5. Preventza O, Garcia A, Cooley DA, et al. Total aortic arch replacement: a comparative study of zone 0 hybrid arch exclusion vs. traditional open repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;150:1591-8; discussion 1598.

6. Shrestha M, Martens A, Krüger H, et al. Total aortic arch replacement with the elephant trunk technique: single-centre 30-year results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;45:289-95; discussion 295.

7. Shrestha M, Beckmann E, Krueger H, et al. The elephant trunk is freezing: the hannover experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;149:1286-93.

8. Di Eusanio M, Pantaleo A, Murana G, et al. Frozen elephant trunk surgery-the Bologna’s experience. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013;2:597-605.

9. LeMaire SA, Carter SA, Coselli JS. The elephant trunk technique for staged repair of complex aneurysms of the entire thoracic aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:1561-9; discussion 1569.

10. Svensson LG, Kim KH, Blackstone EH, et al. Elephant trunk procedure: newer indications and uses. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:109-16; discussion 109.

11. Safi HJ, Miller CC 3rd, Estrera AL, et al. Optimization of aortic arch replacement: two-stage approach. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:S815-8; discussion S824.

12. Schepens MA, Dossche KM, Morshuis WJ, van den Barselaar PJ, Heijmen RH, Vermeulen FE. The elephant trunk technique: operative results in 100 consecutive patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;21:276-81.

13. Jakob H, Tsagakis K, Tossios P, et al. Combining classic surgery with descending stent grafting for acute DeBakey type I dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:95-101.

14. Di Bartolomeo R, Pantaleo A, Berretta P, et al. Frozen elephant trunk surgery in acute aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;149:S105-9.

15. Geragotellis A, Surkhi AO, Jubouri M, et al. Endovascular reintervention after frozen elephant trunk: where is the evidence? J Cardiovasc Surg 2022;63:425-33.

16. Preventza O, Liao JL, Olive JK, et al. Neurologic complications after the frozen elephant trunk procedure: a meta-analysis of more than 3000 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;160:20-33.e4.

17. Di Bartolomeo R, Murana G, Di Marco L, et al. Frozen vs. conventional elephant trunk technique: application in clinical practice. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017;51:i20-8.

18. Mousavizadeh M, Bashir M, Jubouri M, et al. Zone proximalization in frozen elephant trunk: what is the optimal zone for open intervention? J Cardiovasc Surg 2022;63:265-74.

19. Fiorentino M, de Beaufort HWL, Sonker U, Heijmen RH. Thoraflex hybrid as frozen elephant trunk in chronic, residual type A and chronic type B aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021;32:566-72.

20. Leone A, Beckmann E, Martens A, et al. Total aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique: Results from two European institutes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020;159:1201-11.

21. Ho JYK, Chow SCY, Kwok MWT, Fujikawa T, Wong RHL. Total aortic arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021;33:656-62.

22. Jubouri M, Kayali F, Saha P, et al. Incidence of distal stent graft induced new entry vs. aortic remodeling associated with frozen elephant trunk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9:875078.

23. Kayali F, Jubouri M, Tan SZ, Mohammed I, Bashir M. Aortic remodeling in aortic dissection after frozen elephant trunk: overcoming the challenges. J Cardiovasc Surg 2022;63:434-8.

24. Kayali F, Qutaishat S, Jubouri M, Chikhal R, Tan SZCP, Bashir M. Kinking of frozen elephant trunk hybrid prostheses: incidence, mechanism, and management. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9:912071.

25. Bavaria JE, Appoo JJ, Makaroun MS, et al. Endovascular stent grafting vs. open surgical repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in low-risk patients: a multicenter comparative trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;133:369-77.

26. Makaroun MS, Dillavou ED, Kee ST, et al. Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms: results of the phase II multicenter trial of the GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis. J Vasc Surg 2005;41:1-9.

27. Kölbel T, Rostock T, Larena-Avellaneda A, Treede H, Franzen O, Debus ES. An externalized transseptal guidewire technique to facilitate guidewire stabilization and stent-graft passage in the aortic arch. J Endovasc Ther 2010;17:744-9.

28. Nordon IM, Hinchliffe RJ, Morgan R, Loftus IM, Jahangiri M, Thompson MM. Progress in endovascular management of type A dissection. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012;44:406-10.

29. Nienaber CA, Kische S, Rehders TC, et al. Rapid pacing for better placing: comparison of techniques for precise deployment of endografts in the thoracic aorta. J Endovasc Ther 2007;14:506-12.

30. Czerny M, Rylski B, Morlock J, et al. Orthotopic branched endovascular aortic arch repair in patients who cannot undergo classical surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018;53:1007-12.

31. Bradshaw RJ, Ahanchi SS, Powell O, et al. Left subclavian artery revascularization in zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair is associated with lower stroke risk across all aortic diseases. J Vasc Surg 2017;65:1270-9.

32. Yuan X, Mitsis A, Mozalbat D, Nienaber CA. Alternative management of proximal aortic dissection: concept and application. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022;38:183-92.

33. Yokoi Y, Azuma T, Yamazaki K. Advantage of a precurved fenestrated endograft for aortic arch disease: simplified arch aneurysm treatment in Japan 2010 and 2011. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:S103-9.

34. Tsilimparis N, Debus ES, von Kodolitsch Y, et al. Branched vs. fenestrated endografts for endovascular repair of aortic arch lesions. J Vasc Surg 2016;64:592-9.

35. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The international registry of acute aortic dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA 2000;283:897-903.

36. Preventza O, Price MD, Amarasekara HS, et al. In the endovascular era, is elective open aortic arch surgery in elderly patients still justified? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019;158:973-9.

37. Iafrancesco M, Ranasinghe AM, Dronavalli V, et al. Open aortic arch replacement in high-risk patients: the gold standard. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;49:646-51; discussion 651.

38. Spear R, Haulon S, Ohki T, et al. Editor’s choice - subsequent results for arch aneurysm repair with inner branched endografts. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016;51:380-5.

39. Tan GWL, Quek L, Tan BP, Pua U. Early experience and lessons learnt with customized fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic reconstruction for aortic arch pathology in an asian population. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018;41:544-53.

40. Singh S, Surkhi AO, Tan SZCP, et al. RELAY (TM) branched-international results of vessel patency and reintervention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022;9:962884.

41. Alsafi A, Bicknell CD, Rudarakanchana N, et al. Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms with a short proximal landing zone using scalloped endografts. J Vasc Surg 2014;60:1499-506.

42. Azuma T, Yokoi Y, Yamazaki K. The next generation of fenestrated endografts: results of a clinical trial to support an expanded indication for aortic arch aneurysm treatment. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:e156-63; discussion e163.

43. Sato H, Fukada J, Tamiya Y, et al. Long-term clinical outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for arch aneurysms with the najuta thoracic stent-graft system. Ann Vasc Dis 2020;13:384-9.

44. Iwakoshi S, Ichihashi S, Itoh H, et al. Clinical outcomes of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair using commercially available fenestrated stent graft (Najuta endograft). J Vasc Surg 2015;62:1473-8.

45. Roselli EE, Arko FR 3rd, Thompson MM, et al. Results of the valiant mona LSA early feasibility study for descending thoracic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2015;62:1465-71.e3.

46. Fujimura N, Ichihashi S, Motoki M, et al. Anatomical analysis and feasibility study of next-generation fenestrated or branched stent-grafts for the treatment of arch aneurysms. J Endovasc Ther 2020;27:777-84.

47. Riambau V, Zipfel B, Coppi G, et al. Final operative and midterm results of the European experience in the RELAY Endovascular Registry for Thoracic Disease (RESTORE) study. J Vasc Surg 2011;53:565-73.

48. Zipfel B, Zaefferer P, Riambau V, et al. Worldwide results from the RESTORE II on elective endografting of thoracic aneurysms and dissections. J Vasc Surg 2016;63:1466-75.

49. O’Callaghan A, Mastracci TM, Greenberg RK, Eagleton MJ, Bena J, Kuramochi Y. Outcomes for supra-aortic branch vessel stenting in the treatment of thoracic aortic disease. J Vasc Surg 2014;60:914-20.

50. Gutsche JT, Cheung AT, McGarvey ML, et al. Risk factors for perioperative stroke after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;84:1195-200; discussion 1200.

51. Jiang SM, Ali Hassan SM, Nguyen G, Bisleri G. Zone 0 frozen elephant trunk for type A retrograde acute aortic dissection following endovascular stenting of the arch. J Card Surg 2021;36:2124-6.

52. Potter BJ, Pinto DS. Subclavian steal syndrome. Circulation 2014;129:2320-3.

53. Tan SZCP, Surkhi AO, Singh S, et al. Favorable neurological outcomes in thoracic endovascular aortic repair with RELAY™ branched-An international perspective. J Card Surg 2022;37:3556-63.